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KMID : 1189420100230020013
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Journal of Korean Oriental Medical Ophthalmology & Otolaryngology & Dermatology
2010 Volume.23 No. 2 p.13 ~ p.26
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Anti-inflammaory effects of the Gamroeum in vivo and in vitro
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Lim Jin-Ho
Jung Ho-Jun
Kim Sang-Chan
Jee Seon-Young
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Abstract
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Objectives : The present study was conducted to evaluate the anti-inflammatory effects of the Gamroeum water extracts (GRE) in vivo and in vitro.
Methods :The effects of GRE on anti-inflammation were measured by production of NO, PGE2 (Prostaglandin E2), iNOS (inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase), COX-2, NFκB (Nuclear Factor kappa B), TNF-α (Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha) and IL-1β (Interleukin-1β), IL-6 in Raw 264.7 macrophage cells stimulated with LPS.
Objectives : The present study was conducted to evaluate the anti-inflammatory effects of the Gamroeum water extracts (GRE) in vivo and in vitro.
Methods : The effects of GRE on anti-inflammation were measured by production of NO, PGE2 (Prostaglandin E2), iNOS (inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase), COX-2, NFκB (Nuclear Factor kappa B), TNF-α (Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha) and IL-1β (Interleukin-1β), IL-6 in Raw 264.7 macrophage cells stimulated with LPS.
Results :
1. In machrophage cells, LPS displayed significant stimulatory effects on the production of NO
and PGE2. However, GRE showed significant inhibitory effects on NO and PGE2 release. The level of NO and PGE2 was decreased by GRE in a concentration dependent manner as compared with LPS only group.
2. Immunoblot analysis verified that LPS stimulation significantly increased the iNOS and COX-2 protein level, but GRE suppressed the induction of iNOS and COX-2 protein at a concentration dependent manner.
3. GRE reduced the elevated production of TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 by LPS. Moreover, the inhibitory effects of GRE was occurred in a dose-dependent manner.
4. GRE significantly reduced the expression of NF-κB protein in nuclear fraction.
5. GRE effectively inhibited the increases of hind paw skin thicknesses and inflammatory cell infiltrations induced by carrageenan treatment. It, therefore, considered that GRE will be favorably inhibited the acute edematous inflammations.
Conclusions : These results indicated that GRE could have anti-inflammatory capacity by inhibiting the production of NO, PGE2 and cytokines in vitro and by reducing the formation of carrageenan-induced paw edema in vivo. Moreover, inhibitory effects of GRE on the macrophage activation were attributable to the reduction of some of inflammatory factors by inhibiting iNOS and COX-2 through the suppression of NF-κ B.
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KEYWORD
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Gamroeum, Anti-inflammaory effects, NO, PGE2, iNOS, COX-2, NFκB, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6
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